November 2024 – Critical Research Journal

In November 2022, an image of the Flatiron building in New York, created in 1904 by Edward Steichen, sold at Christies for $11.8 Million, making it the second most expensive photograph ever sold. It wasn’t the oldest street photograph, but it clearly ‘said something’ to the private collector who acquired it.

I appreciate that the amount paid is only vaguely indicative of how ‘good’ people consider the work of art, but it is at least one metric in a field of opinion that is otherwise exceptionally subjective.

The reason I raise this is that it could be argued that this image is also an example of the ‘street’ genre – at least, as it was practiced in 1904, when cameras were not sufficiently fast for more spontaneous work.

There is a perception that photographic club judges do not ‘like’ street photography, that their feedback is inconsistent, that the criteria that they apply should not be used, and so on. I wonder what they would make of Steichen’s Flatiron?

The landscape of academic-oriented book publishing has transformed significantly over the last 30 years, largely due to shifts in technology, the publishing industry, and academia itself. These changes affect everything from how academics produce books to how students, researchers, and the public access them.

Digital and E-Book Formats: Advances in digital publishing have had a major impact. Most academic books are now available in e-book formats, making them easier and cheaper to distribute. Digital formats also allow academic publishers to experiment with interactive content, such as embedded multimedia, hyperlinks, and search functions. This shift benefits readers who can access books instantly, without relying on physical copies, and it widens access to those who might not have previously afforded them.
Growth of Self-Publishing and Academic-Driven Presses: Academics now have more options outside traditional publishers, with many choosing self-publishing or academic-driven presses. This gives them control over content, pricing, and rights. It also allows niche topics that might not appeal to large publishers to reach readers. University presses and smaller academic presses have also grown, providing quality publishing options that support more experimental or specialised topics in fields like psychology, philosophy, and emerging sciences.
Increased Demand for Textbooks and Practical Guides: There has been a marked shift in the type of academic books in demand. With growing numbers of students in higher education and increased demand for career-specific skills, publishers focus on textbooks, practical guides, and handbooks aimed at supporting learning and professional development. Textbooks are updated more frequently to keep up with rapid developments in fields like psychology, technology, and health sciences, with more emphasis on pedagogical elements like case studies, activities, and summaries.
Open Access and Funding Models: The open access movement has impacted books as well, although it has been slower than in journal publishing. Some academic books are now available for free online, often funded by grants, institutions, or government bodies. While this increases accessibility, it introduces challenges in covering production costs, leading to hybrid models where some books are open access while others remain under traditional publishing models.
Shorter Monographs and Focused Volumes: With the rise in academic specialisation and the demand for more focused research, publishers have begun to favour shorter, highly specific monographs over traditional lengthy tomes. These shorter works, often between 100-200 pages, allow authors to address particular topics, methods, or case studies without requiring the extensive scope of a full-length book. Shorter formats make academic books more affordable and accessible, especially to those with limited reading time.
Online Platforms and Aggregators: Platforms like JSTOR, Project MUSE, and ProQuest allow libraries and individuals to access collections of academic books online. These platforms offer flexible access, allowing researchers to browse, download, or rent books rather than purchase them outright. Publishers have adapted their distribution models to accommodate this trend, making it easier for readers to find and access books without buying physical copies.
Enhanced Author-Publisher Collaboration: Academic publishers now work more closely with authors to market books and maximise reach, including strategies like social media promotion, author events, and podcasts. This collaboration has become crucial in a saturated market where the sheer number of published academic books makes visibility a challenge. Authors are encouraged to build their own platforms, with publishers providing guidance on self-promotion and academic outreach.
Commercialisation and Market Pressures: The academic publishing sector has seen major consolidation, with large commercial publishers like Elsevier and Taylor & Francis acquiring smaller presses. This consolidation prioritises profitable fields and standardised formats, sometimes sidelining riskier or less marketable topics. There is also greater pressure on academic authors to produce books that appeal to both an academic and broader audience, particularly when writing for fields like psychology, politics, or sociology.
Interdisciplinary and Public-Oriented Books to attract a broader readership outside traditional academic circles.

These changes suggest a more accessible, digital, and commercially driven academic book publishing landscape, but they raise questions about the balance between scholarly rigour, marketability, and accessibility. Academic authors and publishers now face new expectations to cater to diverse audiences, keep up with technological changes, and navigate a competitive market without compromising the integrity of academic inquiry.